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GREEK
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT *
A review derived from the following:
Nyland, Edo. 2001. Linguistic Archaeology: An Introduction. Trafford Publ., Victoria, B.C., Canada.
ISBN 1-55212-668-4. 541 p.
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Introduction
An ancient language form that
originated in the western African area of our most ancient civilizations was
studied by Nyland (2001). He found that many
words used to describe names of places and things in the Greek language were
closely related to an ancient language, which he termed Saharan. and which later was predated by the Igbo Language of West
Africa. Fortuitously, the Basque
Language is a close relative to the original Saharan. Following is a discussion of this
relationship:
In a discussion
on Scottish Ogam, Nyland
(2001) explained how various inscriptions were agglutinated from the first
syllables of Basque words. It was clear that people very knowledgeable of Basque
did this. Almost exactly the same process can be detected in most Greek
words. It appears that the main instruction given to the linguists, who made
up the Greek vocabulary, was that the substratum Basque word should not be
recognizable in the newly created words. These Greek words were to be
composed of a severely abbreviated description or definition in the Basque
Language. Almost every consonant in the Greek words represents one
complete word in the Basque dictionary. However, different from the Romance
languages, the first syllable of Greek words is taken from both halves of the
Basque vocabulary.
CV1 - V1CV2
- V2CV3 - V3CV4 - V4C
etc. (see VCV Formula)
The translation
of the Greek word Aakrostichon reveals this linguistic effort. Every Basque word
is shown here in italics. The "f" and "v" in Greek, generally stand
for "b" in Basque.
First a few well-known names (Basque
words in italics and
bold-faced green letters):
Hellas (Greece) he - el. - .la - as.
he - ele - ela - asi
herri
- eleizako - ela - asiera
nation - sacred - story/legend - origin
"Our nation's sacred legends (tell) our
origin"
Greece (grique, griek, grike).g. - .ri - ike (a Latin name):
iga - ari - ike
igaro
- arritzeko - ikertaldi
to travel - fantastic - visit
"Travel there for a fantastic visit"
Homer, ho - ome - er.
hoberen - omentsu -
erakutsi
the best - honorable - to teach
"The best of the honorable
teachers"
Plato(n), .p. - .la - ato - on.
ope - ela - ato - onu
opetsi
- ela - atondu - onutski
to offer - words - to prepare - perfectly
"I offer perfectly prepared words"
Odysseus odi - is. - .se - us.
odei - ise - ese -
uste
odeiertz
- iseka egin - ezezagun - ustekabe
horizon - to joke about - unknown - unforeseen
"He jokes about the unforseen unknown
(beyond) the horizon"
Cassandra .kas - andr. - a
akas - andre - a
akasgabeko
- andre - a
flawless/perfect - woman - the
"The perfect woman"
Knossos .k.-.no-os.-.so - os.
eka - ano - osa - aso
- ose
ekarri
- ano - osakor - azoka - ozen
to provide - food supplies - healthy - open air market - noisy
"The noisy open-air market provides us
with healthy food supplies"
Parthenon .pa - art. - .he - eno - on.
apa - arte - ehe - eni
- onu
aparta
- artelan - ee - eni - onuts
special - work of art - to call attention - to me - perfect
"To me this special work of art draws
attention (to its) perfection"
Mycena / Mukaenai .mu - uka - ena
- a.i
amu - uka - ena - ahi
amultsukeria
- ukan - ena - ahiniztasun
excessive affection - possessions - (superlative) rich - large quantities
"Excessive affection for large quantities
of rich possessions"
Iraklion ira - ak. - .li - on.
ira - aki - ili - one
iraun
- akidura - ilinti - oneraegin
to suffer - exhaustion - firebrands - to recover
"We recovered from the suffering and exhaustion
(caused by) firebrands"
And Some Randomly Chosen Words from the Greek
Dictionary:
agathon (beauty) aga - at. - .ho - on.
aga - ato - oho - ono
-aga
- atondu - ohore eman - onon
abundance - ornamentation/makeup - to glorify - wonderful
"An abundance of make-up glorifies
wonderfully"
agroktima (farm) ag. - .ro - ok. - .ti - ima
aga - aro - oki - iti
- ima
aga
- arrotsu - okitu - itxi - imatz
abundance - proud - completely - to enclose/store - wicker shelter
"Proud that the abundance is completely
stored in the shelter"
akhortagos (greedy) ak. - .ho - or. - .ta - ago - os.
ako - oho - ora - ata
- ago - oso
akorduan
euki - ohoin - orraztu - ataldu - agorrune - oso
to remember - thief - to rob - to take advantage - scarcity - total
"Remember the thief who robbed and took
advantage of the total scarcity"
akrostichon (acrostic) ak. - .ro - os.- .ti - ik. - .ho - on.
aka - aro - osa - ati
- ika - aho - one
akabu
- aroztegi - osagai - atxiki - ikaskizun - ahohizkuntza - oneratu
perfect-forge-component -agglutinate-lesson to be learned-spoken language-to
improve
"Forging perfectly agglutinated
components to improve the spoken language is the lesson to be learned"
alogo (horse) alo - >go
alor - goldatu
farmer - to plow
"The farmer is plowing"
bakaliko (food store) ba - aka - ali - iko
banakatzaile -
akatsbako - alik - -iko
distributor - excellent - possible - that
"It is possible that the excellent
distributor (has it)"
eklisia (church) ek. - .li - isi - i.a
eka - ali - isi - iha
ekarri
- alik - isilka - iharduki
to come - possible - in a low voice - to talk
"Come if possible and talk in a low
voice"
elatoma (fault) ela - ato - oma
elaberritu - atondu -
oma
to tell - come - grandma
"Come, I=ll tell grandma"
ema (blood) ema
emalege
"menstruation"
epivatis (passenger) epi - iva - ati - is.
epi - iba - ati - isu
epiza
- ibaiontzi - atxiki - isurbide
short of time - ferry - to catch - canal
"You are short of time to catch the ferry
across the canal"
ethafos (ground) et. - .ha - afo -
os.
eta - aha - abo - osto
-eta
- ahaskeria - aboskatu - ostolaza
abundance - dirt/soil - to declare - grassland
"They declared the abundance of soil in
the grassland (their own)"
falakros (bald) fa - ala - ak. -
.ro - os.
fa - ala - ako - oro -
osa
farre
egin - alabearreko - akordoizko - oroz - osaezin
to poke fun of - unavoidable - traditional/normal - totally - incurable
"Poking fun of the unavoidable, normal
and totally incurable"
flidzani (cup) f. - .li - id. -
.za - ani
fe - eli - idu - uza -
ani
festa
- elikadura - iduki - usaingozo - anitz
feast - nutrition - to have - aroma - much
"To have pleasing nutrition with much
aroma"
fonazo (call) .fo - ona - azo
abo - ona - azo
aboskatu
- onaldi - azokalari
to shout out - prosperity/sales pitch - merchant
"The merchant shouts out his sales
pitch"
friktos (horrible) f. - .ri - ik.
- .to - os.
fa - ari - ika - ato -
os
fanatiko
- arimagalduko - ikararazi - ator - ospa egin
fanatic - ruthless - to terrorize - come! - to escape
"The ruthless fanatics are terrorizing.
Come, let=s escape!"
glendi (party) gale - endi
gale bizia - endikoi
strong desire - sociable
"Strong desire to be sociable"
kakos (bad) ka - ako - os.
kaldar - akordiozko -
osasungaitz
thief - habitual - incurable
"He is a habitual and incurable
thief"
kalathi (basket) ka - ala - at. - .hi
kaiola - alabeharreko
- atxiki - ihi
cage/container - necessary - to grab/collect - rushes
"Container made out of rushes, necessary
to collect"
kalispera (good day) ka - ali - is. - .pe - era
ka - ali - ise - epe -
era
kanpoan
- alik - iseka egin - epel - errainuketa
outside - to rejoice - warm - sunlight
"Outside one rejoices in the warm
sunlight"
kalos (good) ka - alo - os.
ka - alo - oso
kargu
hartu - aloger - osoro
to be responsible for - wages - total
"He is totally responsible for the
wages"
kataskinono (camp) ka - ata - aski
- ino - ono
kanpadenda -
atalgabeko - askiki - inon - onon
tent - simple - adequate - some place/spot - wonderful
"A simple but adequate tent in some
wonderful spot"
kathethrikos naos (cathedral)
ka - at. - .he - et. -
.h. - .ri - iko - os. > na - a.o - os.
ka - ati - ihe - eto - ohi - iri - iko - os. ' na - aho
- os.
kanpaialdi
- atxikitzaile - ihesleku - etorri - ohibezala - iritsi - iko - osakera
' nabarmen - ahoeder - ospatu
ringing of bells - faithful - refuge - to come - as usual - to obtain -
(verbal adj.) - healing - to excel - eloquent - to glorify
"When the bells ring, the faithful come to the refuge
as usual, to obtain healing.
They excel in eloquent glorifying"
katsika (goat) ka - at. - .si - ika
ka - ate - esi - ika
katetu
- ateratu - esi - ikastobi
to chain - to take outside - fence - opening in the forest
"Chain (the goat) outside the fence in
the forest opening"
keo (burn) ke - e.o
ketan - eho
smoking - to grind, rub
"Rub (until) it smokes"
khina (goose) k. - .hi - ina
ke - ehi - ina
-kera
- ehizaldi - inauguratu
"Nesting season inaugurates the
hunt"
khora (country) .k. - .ho - ora
ako - oho - ora
akorduan
euki - ohorarazi - orain
to remember - to honor - always
"Remember to honor (it) always"
khrisos (gold) .k. - .h. - .ri -
iso - os.
ka - aho - ori - iso -
oso
kaldatu
- ahoziritu - oribizi - isolamendu - osoilik
to smelt - to deceive - gold colored - secret place - simply
"Simply deceive by smelting the gold in a
secret place"
kipos (garden) ki - ipo - os.
kimatsu - ipo -
osasundun
full of sprouts - dwarf/small - healthy
"It is full of healthy small
sprouts"
kithara (guitar) ki - it. - .ha -
ara
ki - itu - uha - ara
kitzikatu
- itun - uhain - arrantza egin
to provoke - sadness - wave - to weep
"It provokes a wave of sadness and
weeping"
The Greek spelling of Aguitar@ tells us where this word really came from.
It was not from Arab!
khivernisi (government) ki - ive - er. - .ni - isi
ki - ibe - era - ani -
isi
kide
- ibeni - eraberri - anitz - isilki
member - to introduce - reform - many - calmly
"The members calmly introduce many
reforms"
khorevo (to dance) k. - .ho - ore - evo
ko - oho - ore - ebo
kolokari
- ohoretu - orekatu - eboluzionatu
swinging - to celebrate - balance - to develop
"When celebrating while swinging you
develop balance"
khoros (dance) k. - .ho - oro -
os.
ko - oho - oro - ospe.
kolokari
- ohoretu - oro - ospetsuki
swinging - to celebrate - all - in a stately manner
"All are celebrating and swinging in a
stately manner"
khortari (grass) k. - .ho - or. - .ta - ari
ko - oho - ori - ita -
ari
kokatu
- oholtza - orri - itaitu - arrigarriki
to place - wooden rack - leaves - harvest with a scythe - marvelously
"Place the leaves, so marvelously
harvested with a scythe, on the wooden rack"
kori (daughter) ko - ori
koskortu - oritu
to grow up/develop - to turn pale
"She is growing up and turning pale"
kosmos (crowd) ko - os. - .mo -
os.
ko - oza - amo - osa
kontraekintza
- ozar - amorratu - osatu
opposition - arrogant - furious - united
"The opposition was arrogant, furious and
united"
ko=yenia (family)ko > je - eni - i.a
koipetsu - jendaki -
eni - iharduki
adulatory/flattering - kinship - to/for me -to be busy with
"Flattering kinship for me to be busy
with"
krevati (bed) k. - .re - eva - ati
ka - are - eba - ati
kargu
hartu - are - ebatura - atxikitzaile
take care of - his/her - surgery/wound - faithfully
"Take care of his wound faithfully"
labyrinth (labyrinth), la - abi - iri - in. - .t. - .h.
la - abi - iri - inu -
uti - ihe
larde
izan - abiadan - irrikitan - inular - utikan - ihesegin
to be afraid - fast - anxious - sunset - to get out - to escape
"I am afraid and anxious to get out fast
and escape at sunset"
lemoni (lemon) .le - emo - oni
ale - emo - oni
ale
- emankor - onizan
fruit - prolific - useful
"Prolific and useful fruit"
lexicon (speech) le - ek. - .si - iko - on.
le - eka - asi - iko -
onu
lenbiziko
- ekarpen - asierako - -iko - onuratsu
initial - contribution - elementary - that - useful
"Initial elementary contribution that is
useful"
makria (far) ma - ak. - .ri - i.a
ma - aka - ari - iha
marineleria
- akabu - arriskuan egon - ihardun
fishermen - the far end - to be surrounded by danger - to spend time
"At the far end our fishermen spend their
time, surrounded by danger"
mera (day) me - era
mementoan -
errainuketa
in a moment - sunlight
"In a moment we=ll have sunlight"
miga (fly) mi - iga
minkor - igarokabe
offensive - intollerable
"Offensive and intolerable"
moro (baby) mo - oro
morkona - orrokatu
dirty/soiled - to scream/to cry
"When soiled it cries"
onomatopoiia (onomatopoeia)
ono - oma - ato - opo
- o.i - i.i - ia
ono - oma - ato - opo - oi - ihi - ia
onon
- oma - atondu - opor - oinordetzia - ihite - ia
wonderful - grandma - to arrange - time off - inheritance - resemblance -
almost/close
"Our wonderful grandma arranged in her
spare time
an inheritance of close resemblance"
oreos (fine weather) ore - os.
oreka - osoro
stable - perfectly
"Perfectly stable (weather)@.
paralia (beach) pa - ara - ali - ia
pantoka - arrastakatu
- alik - ihartu
forward part of the boat - to drag - possible - to dry out
"If possible drag up the forward part of
the boat to dry out"
pirkaya (fire) pi - ir. - ka - aia
pi - ira - aka - aia
pinu
orri - irazeki - akabu - aiaia
pine branches - to ignite - death - sorrow
"Igniting the pine branches (causes)
death and sorrow"
plio (passenger boat) p. - .lio
pi - ilio
pisugain
- iljo
overloaded - death knell
"Being overloaded is a death knell@.
poli kalitera (much better)
po -
oli ka - ali - ite - era
poto
- oli kalipu - alizan - itegun - eraspen
container - olive oil vitality - to be capable of -
work performed - devotion
"A container full of olive oil. (It is)
capable of (giving) vitality and devotion to the work performed"
porneia (fornication), .po - or. - .ne - eia
apo - ora
' ne - ia
apokeria - orraztu ' neskaso - iarduki
filthy deed - to despoil ' virgin - to resist
"It is a filthy deed to despoil a
resisting virgin"
pothi (leg) po - ot. - .hi
po - ota - ahi
pot
egin - otalurmendiak - ahitzinatu
to tire out - wild mountains - to make progress
"It is tiring to make progress in the
wild mountains"
proethros (president) p. - .ro -
et. - .h - .ro - os.
pa - aro - eti - iha -
aro - oso
pakegile
- arro - etika - iharduki - aro - osoki
peacemaker - proud - ethical issue - to discuss - time for - thoroughly
"Proud peacemaker who has time to
thoroughly discuss ethical issues"
protomi (bust) p. - .ro - oto - omi
po - oro - oto - omi
porrokatu
- oroitarri - otoikatu - omia saindu
to destroy - monument - to pray to - hallowmass
"Destroy the monument (the pagans) pray
to at hallowmass"
psilos (flea) p. - .si - ilo - os.
pa - asi - ilo - osa
pairaezin
- asikidura - ilordu - osasungabe
unbearable - to bite - agony - sickness
"Unbearable bites cause agony and
sickness"
sika (figs) si - ika
siku - ikaza
dry - place of the fig trees
"Dried figs"
sinkharitiria (congratulations)
si - in. - .k. - .ha -
ari - iti - iri - ia
si - ina - aka - aha - ari - iti - iri - ia
sineskuntza
- inauguratu - akatsgabeko - ahalguzti - arrigarri - itxi - irri - iaio
with reverence- to introduce - pure- almighty- marvelous- to permit-
laughter-cheerful
"With reverence he introduced the pure
and marvelous Almighty who permits cheerful laughter"
skotinos (dark) .sko - oti - ino -
os.
oskorri - otzikaratu
- inolaz - oztasun
daybreak - to shiver - somehow - coldness
"It is daybreak and somehow I am
shivering from coldness"
soma (body) so - oma
soin - oma
bosom - grandma
"Grandma=s bosom"
tebelis (lazy) te - ebe - eli - is.
tentakari - ebertar -
elizkoi - isekatu
tempting - Jew - pious - to ridicule
"It is tempting to ridicule the pious
Jew"
thanatos (death) t. - .h. - ana -
ato - os.
ta - aha - ana - ato -
osa
talkan
- ahalkegabe - anaihiltzaile - ator - osalari
blow on the head - bold - one who murders his brother - to come - doctor
"He was murdered by a bold blow on the
head from his brother. Doctor come!"
thriskia (religion) .t. - .h. - .ri - is. - .ki - ia
ita - aha - ari - isu
- uki - ia
itxarokizun
- ahalgustidun - -ari - isuri - ukitu - iaio
to have faith in - Almighty - mission - to inspire - to touch - cheerful
"We have faith in the Almighty and in our
mission to inspire with a cheerful touch"
timios (honest) .ti - imi - os.
eti - imi - oso
etikoa
- imintzio - osotasun
ethical - gesture - integrity
"Ethical gesture of integrity"
trofiki (food poisoning) t. - .ro - ofi - ki
te - ero - obi - -ki
tentaketa
- erori - obiratze - -ki
temptation - to succomb - burying - piece of meat
"He succumbed to the temptation of the
meat and was buried"
vivliothiki (library) .vi - iv. - .li - ot. - .hi - iki
.bi - ib. - .li - ot.
- .hi - iki
abi - ibe - eli - oto - ohi - iki
abiatu
- ibeni - elizlegedi - otoi - ohitu - ikasbide
to begin - to introduce - collection of church laws - please - to get used to
- doctrine
"We begin by introducing the collection
of church laws so please get used to the doctrine"
yefira (bridge) ye > fi -ira
je ' fi -
ira
jeinutsu >
finkatu - iragaile
ingenious ' to establish/build - crossing
"(He) built an ingenious crossing"
yimnasterio (gym) ji - im. - .na - as. - .te - eri - o
ji - imi - ina - asa -
ate - erri - o
jipoitu
- imitagarri - inarroskatu - asaldaketa - atezu - erri - oh!
to strike/hit - exemplary - to stir up - excitement - tension - public - oh!
"An exemplary strike stirred up
excitement and tension among the public; oh!"
zevgari (couple) ze - eb. - .ga - ari
ze - ebe - ega - ari
zentzudun
- ebertar - egape - arrisku
sensible/prudent - patriarchal - protection - danger
"Sensible patriarchal protection from
danger"
CONCLUSION
The above Greek
words decoded via Basque and translated into English, leave little doubt that
the Greek language was the product of intelligent design by linguists.
They used the vocabulary of an early form of the Saharan/Basque Language in
the invention process.
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